中文
English
Español
Русский
Türkçe
اردو
Italiano
Français
Deutsch
العربية圣训动画
三夜施舍的人
出处与可靠性: Sahih al-Bukhari 1421Sahih (authentic)
- 辑录
- Sahih al-Bukhari
- 传述
- Sahih al-Bukhari 1421书内编号: Book 24 (Obligatory Charity Tax (Zakat)), Hadith 25
- 评定
- Sahih (authentic)Sahih al-Bukhari 1421, Sahih Muslim 1022, Al-Durar al-Saniyya, Ibn Hajar al-Asqalani, Sahih Muslim 2564c
译文：Qabas
在 sunnah.com 上打开一个人决心悄悄地施舍。夜里，他把施舍物放进一个他以为是穷人的手里；到了早晨，城里的人却在说：有人把施舍给了盗贼。他赞颂安拉，又去施舍：第二次给了一个通奸的女人，第三次给了一个富翁，每一次人们都议论纷纷。每一次他都甘心接受安拉的决定，赞颂安拉。后来他在梦中被告知，他的施舍已经被接受了：盗贼或许会不再偷窃，那个女人或许会不再通奸，富翁或许会吸取教训，从安拉赐给他的财富中拿出来施舍。这是一个关于真诚心意的故事，因为安拉看的是人的内心和行为。
原声阿拉伯语和9种语言配音：请点视频上的音频按钮选择，字幕请点 CC 按钮。观看无需注册账户。
圣训原文
译文：Qabas · Sahih al-Bukhari 1421
经核实的英文译本
Narrated Abu Huraira: Allah's Messenger (ﷺ) (p.b.u.h) said, "A man said that he would give something in charity. He went out with his object of charity and unknowingly gave it to a thief. Next morning the people said that he had given his object of charity to a thief. (On hearing that) he said, "O Allah! All the praises are for you. I will give alms again." And so he again went out with his alms and (unknowingly) gave it to an adulteress. Next morning the people said that he had given his alms to an adulteress last night. The man said, "O Allah! All the praises are for you. (I gave my alms) to an adulteress. I will give alms again." So he went out with his alms again and (unknowingly) gave it to a rich person. (The people) next morning said that he had given his alms to a wealthy person. He said, "O Allah! All the praises are for you. (I had given alms) to a thief, to an adulteress and to a wealthy man." Then someone came and said to him, "The alms which you gave to the thief, might make him abstain from stealing, and that given to the adulteress might make her abstain from illegal sexual intercourse (adultery), and that given to the wealthy man might make him take a lesson from it and spend his wealth which Allah has given him, in Allah's cause."
English translation by Dr. M. Muhsin Khan, as published on Sunnah.com.
出处与可靠性
- 传述
- Sahih al-Bukhari 1421 (书内编号: Book 24 (Obligatory Charity Tax (Zakat)), Hadith 25)
- 另见于
Sahih Muslim 1022 (Book 12 (The Book of Zakat), Hadith 99)In this version, recorded in the chapter on the reward of someone whose charity reaches a person who should not have received it, the man says he will give charity that night, and the order is the adulteress, then the rich man, then the thief. It adds the words he heard in his dream, «أَمَّا صَدَقَتُكَ فَقَدْ قُبِلَتْ», in Abdul Hamid Siddiqui's English on Sunnah.com: "There came (the angel to him) and he was told: Your charity has been accepted." The film uses these words in the dream.
Sahih Muslim 2564c (Book 45 (The Book of Virtue, Enjoining Good Manners, and Joining of the Ties of Kinship), Hadith 42)The words of the Prophet (peace be upon him) at the end of the film, «إِنَّ اللَّهَ لاَ يَنْظُرُ إِلَى صُوَرِكُمْ وَأَمْوَالِكُمْ وَلَكِنْ يَنْظُرُ إِلَى قُلُوبِكُمْ وَأَعْمَالِكُمْ», come from this version, told by Abu Hurayra, in Abdul Hamid Siddiqui's English on Sunnah.com: "Verily Allah does not look to your faces and your wealth but He looks to your heart and to your deeds." In plain words (Translation: Qabas, from the Arabic): Allah does not look at your appearance or your wealth, but He looks at your hearts and your deeds. Another version (2564b) says "bodies" and "faces" instead, and the first version in the chapter (2564a) does not contain these words.
- 评定
Sahih (authentic)
- 布哈里和穆斯林两人都收录了这段圣训（圣训：记录先知穆罕默德言行的文字），他们的两部圣训集被公认为最可靠。布哈里把它收在《天课篇》（天课：有一定财产的穆斯林每年必须拿出的一部分钱财，用来帮助穷人）中讲“不知情而施舍给富人”的那一章（1421号），传述人依次是艾布·亚曼、舒阿卜、艾布·齐纳德、艾阿赖吉和艾布·胡莱赖；穆斯林也把它收在他的《天课篇》中（1022号），经由穆萨·本·欧格拜传自艾布·齐纳德。《杜拉尔·萨尼耶》圣训百科写明，圣训学者判定它真实可靠（健全），并指出穆斯林收录的版本在措辞上略有不同。伊本·哈杰尔在他为《布哈里圣训实录》写的注释《法特哈·巴里》中（第3卷，第340页）补充说，艾哈迈德也经由沃尔格传自艾布·齐纳德，收录了这段圣训。[1][2][4][5]
- 影片结尾先知说的话，出自《穆斯林圣训实录》的《美德、礼节与维系亲情篇》（2564号），经由叶齐德·本·艾萨姆传自艾布·胡莱赖；《穆斯林圣训实录》里的每一段传述都被公认为真实可靠。[3]
参考资料
- [1] Sahih al-Bukhari 1421, Obligatory Charity Tax (Zakat), Sunnah.com (访问于 2026-10-23)Abu Hurayra's narration; Arabic text and English translation (Dr. M. Muhsin Khan).
- [2] Sahih Muslim 1022, The Book of Zakat, Sunnah.com (访问于 2026-10-23)Musa ibn 'Uqba's narration from Abu al-Zinad; Arabic text and English translation (Abdul Hamid Siddiqui).
- [3] Sahih Muslim 2564c, The Book of Virtue, Enjoining Good Manners, and Joining of the Ties of Kinship, Sunnah.com (访问于 2026-10-23)Yazid ibn al-Asamm's narration from Abu Hurayra; Arabic text and English translation (Abdul Hamid Siddiqui).
- [4] Al-Durar al-Saniyya, Encyclopedia of Hadith Commentary, sharh of hadith 9143 (Sahih al-Bukhari 1421), Al-Durar al-Saniyya (dorar.net) (访问于 2026-10-23)Arabic, under the supervision of the site's scholarly committee; the hadith with its grading and where it is recorded, and an explanation, summarised and translated by Qabas Academy.
- [5] Ibn Hajar al-Asqalani, Fath al-Bari, vol. 3, pp. 339-341 (Book of Zakat, chapter: if one gives charity to a rich man without knowing it, commentary on Sahih al-Bukhari 1421), Islamweb.net library (page numbers as printed) (访问于 2026-10-23)Arabic, summarised and translated by Qabas Academy.查阅的页面： pp. 339-341
- [6] Al-Nawawi, Sharh Sahih Muslim (al-Minhaj), vol. 7 (Book of Zakat, chapter: the reward of the one who gives charity is confirmed even if it falls into the hand of a sinner and the like, commentary on Sahih Muslim 1022), Islamweb.net library (访问于 2026-10-23)Arabic, summarised and translated by Qabas Academy. Islamweb shows no printed page marker on this entry (it falls between its markers for pp. 91 and 92), so it is cited as a whole page.
讲解
- 先知穆罕默德（愿主福安之）讲到一个人，这个人说他一定要施舍。伊本·哈杰尔（《法特哈·巴里》，第3卷，第340页）说，他没有找到这个人的名字；在艾哈迈德收录的一段传述中，此人是以色列人。他说“我一定要施舍”，这是他给自己许下的承诺，就像许愿一样，好像他已经指着安拉发誓要做到。[1][5][4]
- 他是在夜里悄悄施舍的。伊本·哈杰尔（第3卷，第339页）从两处看出这一点：一是“到了早晨，人们议论”这句话；二是穆斯林收录的传述，那里的人说他要在当天夜里施舍。如果他是白天当众施舍的，就不会看不出那人是个富翁。[1][2][5]
- 他把施舍物放进了一个盗贼的手里，却不知道那是个盗贼（伊本·哈杰尔，第3卷，第341页）。《杜拉尔·萨尼耶》圣训百科解释说，他本来希望施舍能送到一个不好意思开口求人的穷人、一个诚实的人或一个品行端正的女人手里；可是每天早晨，人们都在议论、感到惊讶，因为在他们看来，施舍只应该给那些既有需要、又是好人的人。[1][5][4]
- 他听到后说：“安拉啊，赞颂全归于你。”伊本·哈杰尔（第3卷，第341页）解释说，他顺从了，把事情交给安拉，满意安拉的决定，所以在那种情况下仍然赞颂安拉，因为无论发生什么，安拉都配得到赞颂；他还说，先知（愿主福安之）每当看到不喜欢的事，就会说：安拉啊，无论在什么情况下，赞颂都归于你。[1][5]
- 他没有放弃。他说：“我一定要施舍。”他又出去，把施舍物放在了一个通奸的女人手里；第二天早晨，人们说：“昨夜有人施舍给了通奸的女人。”他再次赞颂安拉，又一次下定决心；第三次，施舍落到了一个富翁手里，人们又议论起来。每一次他都赞颂安拉：为了盗贼，为了通奸的女人，也为了富翁。[1][4]
- 后来，有人在他睡梦中来对他说话。伊本·哈杰尔（第3卷，第341页）引用塔巴拉尼收录的传述说，这件事让他很难过，后来他在睡梦中见到有人来找他；穆斯林经由穆萨·本·欧格拜收录的传述，记下了他听到的话：“至于你的施舍，已经被接受了。”《杜拉尔·萨尼耶》圣训百科解释了原因：他是真诚的，心存善意，虽然事情没有像他希望的那样发生。[1][2][5][4]
- 他被告知，他给盗贼的施舍，“或许这能让他不再偷窃”。《杜拉尔·萨尼耶》圣训百科解释说：盗贼也许会对自己说，这笔钱够我用了；或者，他不靠偷就得到了生活所需，因而感到羞愧；他也会由此知道，有些敬拜安拉的人会在夜里悄悄施舍给素不相识的人。[1][4]
- 至于给那个通奸的女人的施舍，“或许这能让她不再通奸”：《杜拉尔·萨尼耶》圣训百科解释说，她也许是为了钱才这样做的，现在她得到了足够的钱，可以不再这样做了。[1][4]
- 至于那个富翁，或许他会“吸取教训，从安拉赐给他的财富中拿出来施舍”：《杜拉尔·萨尼耶》圣训百科解释说，他也许会从中得到教训和提醒，于是拿出一些财富来施舍。它说，好的心意就是这样结出好的果子。[1][4]
- 伊本·哈杰尔（第3卷，第341页）总结说：施舍的人只要心意端正，即使施舍没有落到他想要的地方，他的施舍也会被接受。奈瓦威在他为《穆斯林圣训实录》写的注释中补充说，即使接受施舍的人是做坏事的人或富人，施舍的人也一定会得到回报；他指出，这说的是自愿的施舍；至于天课（每年必须拿出的济贫钱财），如果交给了富人，就不算完成。正如先知（愿主福安之）所说：“的确，安拉不看你们的外表和钱财，而要看你们的内心和行为。”[5][6][3]
教益与收获
- 安拉看的是人的心意：一个人心存善意，尽力去做，即使做错了，这件善事依然为他记了下来，对他没有任何损失。[4][5][3]
- 真诚地施舍，尽量悄悄地施舍：这个人在夜里施舍，没有人看见；伊本·哈杰尔从这段圣训中看出，悄悄施舍和真诚都非常可贵。[5]
- 接受安拉的决定，在任何情况下都赞颂安拉，把结果交给安拉，就像这个人每天早晨所做的那样。[4][5]
- 不要因为一次失望就不再行善：当你的施舍没有落到你想要的地方时，再施舍一次。[4][5]
- 根据你能看到的去做：我们只能根据外表来判断，直到事实显出不同；看不见的事，由安拉掌管。[4][5]
- 永远不要放弃任何人：一份礼物，可能成为盗贼不再偷窃、做错事的人回头、富人学会施舍的原因。[1][4]
思考题
这些问题由 Qabas Academy 撰写，帮助你思考。它们不是圣训或其注释的一部分。
- 他想把礼物送给有需要的人，每一次却落到了别人手里。当你做的一件好事没有像你希望的那样发生时，是什么帮助你相信安拉看到了你的心意？
- 每天早晨全城都在议论他，每一次他都赞颂安拉。怎样才能让你先赞颂安拉，而不是先为自己辩解？
- 他在第一夜、第二夜之后都没有停下。有什么好习惯，你在一次失望之后就放下了？这个星期你可以重新开始吗？
- 盗贼、那个女人和富翁，每个人都得到了一个改变的理由。你曾放弃了谁，而他也许仍能被一份默默的善意触动？
